转型中国的政治发展与美国的政治衰败:基于政党中心主义的比较分析

Political Development in Transitional China and Political Decay in the United States:A Party-Centered Comparative Analysis

政治发展与政治衰败是政治秩序发生变动的两个主要走向。在过去30年,中国和美国两个大国的政治秩序都发生了变动,处于社会转型期的中国经历了长足的政治发展,而不断探索后现代社会的美国却出现了政治衰败,中美两国在政治秩序上的差别表现可以通过政党要素进行比较分析。作为先锋队政党,中国共产党不断加强党的建设,通过提高政党适应力来推动领导力的巩固和提升,并且最终推动了整个国家的政治发展;而坚持竞争性政党体制的美国则把两党竞争退化为政党恶斗,从而导致否决体制的出现,最终引发了美国系统性的政治衰败。政党中心主义的比较分析启发我们要持续关注政党与政治秩序的关系。

Political development and political decay are two major directions of the change of political order.In the past 30 years,political order in China and the United States have both changed.China,in the period of social development,has undergone considerable political development while the United States,constantly exploring post-modern society,has witnessed political decay.The differences in the political order between China and the United States can be compared and analyzed through party elements.As a vanguard party,Chinese Communist Party has been strengthening party building and enhancing political leadership via political adaptation so as to finally promote the political development of the entire country.The United States adhering to the competitive party system degenerates the bipartisan competition into political party struggles,which leads to the emergence of the veto system so as to eventually lead to the systematic political decay the United States.This party-centered analysis implies that we need to pay more attention to the relationship between political party and political order.