农村内生式发展的理论和政策实践:以日本中山间地区等直接补助制度为例

Theory and policy practice on rural endogenous development:taking the direct payment measure for hilly and mountainous areas in Japan as an example

中国乡村振兴的实现迫切需要激发农村发展的内生动力,而内生式发展的实现依赖于科学的制度设计。日本对内生式发展的理论研究和实践都取得了良好的成效。本文通过梳理内生式发展理论的研究进展和日本促进农村内生式发展的政策,并以日本中山间地区等直接补助制度为例,分析该制度的变迁和特征,发现该制度在内生性资源积累,内生式发展组织载体的培育,“自下而上”的地方自主管理体制机制的建立等措施上有利用于激发农村发展的内生动力。并在此基础上利用宏观经济数据和微观案例对中山间地区等直接补助制度的实施状况和效果进行了分析,得出了对中国乡村振兴的启示,包括重视本地内生性资源的开发,建立健全农村自主发展的体制机制和组织载体等。

The rural revitalization for China urgently needs to enhance the endogenous power of rural development and achieve endogenous development whose realization depends on scientific system design.Some theoretical study and practice of endogenous development have achieved good results.Taking the direct payment measure for hilly and mountainous areas in Japan as an example,this article reviews the research progress of the endogenous development theory in Japan and the policies to promote the endogenous development of rural areas.It is found that the maintenance and management of endogenous resources such as the land resource and human resource,the cultivation of endogenous development organizational carriers,and the establishment of a“bottom-up”local self-management system and mechanism have positive effect on stimulating endogenous development.Through the analysis of the direct payment measure for hilly and mountainous areas based on macroeconomic data and case study in Japan,this paper provides several enlightenments for China’s strategy of rural revitalization,these are the enhancement of exploration of local endogenous resources,the establishment of mechanism of villager autonomy and organization carrier.