厄瓜多尔与两伊石油技术服务合同对比分析

A comparative analysis of oil technical service contracts in Ecuador,Iran and Iraq

2012年,厄瓜多尔政府推出了油田增产服务合同,此后不断修订合同条款,以满足自身利益最大化;2017年,厄瓜多尔推出了15个油田的成熟油田增产综合服务合同。该合同与国际石油技术服务合同及工程技术服务与建设合同在合同模式、合同条款与投资回报等方面均有所不同。与伊拉克、伊朗的石油合同相比,两伊的石油服务合同主要面向国际石油公司,而厄瓜多尔油田增产技术服务合同主要面向国际石油工程技术服务公司,因而承包商在油田技术服务中的话语权不同。这3个国家的石油合同在收入分配、成本回收、桶油报酬费等方面既有相同之处又有不同之处。相比之下,厄瓜多尔油田增产服务合同产量风险较大,法律财税条款风险与政治环境风险较小。

In 2012,the Ecuador government launched an oilfield stimulation technical service contract,and has continuously evolved and optimized the contract terms to meet the government’s maximum interests.In 2017,Ecuador launched comprehensive contracts for mature oilfield stimulation services for 15 oilfields.This contract is different from the international oil technical service contract and the engineering technical service and construction contract in terms of contract mode,contract terms and investment return.Compared with contracts in Iraq and Iran,the oil service contracts in Iraq and Iran are mainly for international oil companies,while the oil stimulation technology service contracts in Ecuador are mainly for international oil engineering technology service companies,so the contractors have different rights in the oilfield technology service.The contracts in these three countries have similarities and differences in income distribution,cost recovery,and oil remuneration/barrel.In that case,the production risks of oilfield stimulation service contracts in Ecuador are relatively large,and the risks of legal and tax provisions and political environment are relatively small.