激光切割钛合金飞机蒙皮及其力学性能研究

Study on Laser Cutting of Titanium Alloy Aircraft Skin and Its Mechanical Properties

采用试验分析的方法研究了激光切割质量和切割试样的力学性能变化。以熔渣高度和粗糙度为质量评价指标,通过试验获得了进给速度和辅助气体压力对切割面质量的影响规律;对比了钛合金飞机蒙皮激光加工和机械铣切的力学性能。结果发现,对厚1.7 mm的钛合金蒙皮材料激光切割后,切割面上纹理明显且形貌大致分为上中下3层,熔渣主要集中在切割试样的底部;当激光切割速度减小、辅助气体压力增大时,切边熔渣高度减小,切割面粗糙度也减小。激光切割热影响区提高了切割面的硬度,切割试样的力学性能相对于机械铣切试样略有下低,但在强度范围内,可以满足飞机蒙皮的强度要求。因此,可将激光切割技术推广到飞机蒙皮材料的切割加工中。

The quality of laser cutting and the mechanical properties of cutting samples were studied by means of experimental analysis. The effects of feed speed and auxiliary gas pressure on the quality of cutting surface were obtained by using slag height and roughness as quality evaluation indexes. The mechanical properties of laser processing and mechanical milling of titanium alloy aircraft were compared. The results show that, after laser cutting of titanium alloy skin material with thickness of 1.7 mm, the texture on the cutting surface is obvious and the morphology is roughly divided into three layers from top, middle and bottom. The slag is mainly concentrated at the bottom of the cutting sample. When the laser cutting speed decreases and the auxiliary gas pressure increases, the slag height decreases and the roughness of cutting surface decreases.The laser cutting heat affected zore improves the hardness of the cutting surface, and the mechanical properties of the cutting sample are slightly lower than that of the mechanical milling and cutting sample, but in the strength range, it can meet the strength requirements of the aircraft skin. Therefore, laser cutting technology can be extended to the cutting of aircraft skin materials.