福建古代商品经济的阶段性发展与民间工艺风格的形成

The Stage Development of Ancient Commodity Economy and Formation of Characteristics of Folk Craft in Fujian

传统民间工艺作为古代社会物质生产的主要方式,与商业联系紧密,互为表里。福建民间工艺显著的商业文化特色,是其在不同历史阶段伴随当地商品经济的渐进式发展逐步形成的。唐五代时期,人口增长、生产技术提升与海外贸易的初步发展,奠定了福建民间工艺发展的基础。宋元时期,在海外贸易的推动下,福建形成了以外销经济为主导的发展模式,并带动了民间工艺各门类的兴盛。明清时期,随着国内市场经济的繁荣与社会财富的增长,奢侈之风日盛,民众追求"工巧新奇"的消费热潮,奠定了福建民间工艺"材料贵重、雕工精湛、装饰华美"的特色,其风格影响延续至今。

Traditional folk craft,as the main mode of material production in the ancient society,is closely linked with commerce.The distinct characteristics of commercial culture of folk craft in Fujian was gradually developed and formed with local commodity economy in different historical periods.In the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties,population growth,production technology upgrading and initial development of overseas trade established the foundation for development of folk craft in Fujian.In the Songand Yuan Dynasties,driven by overseas trade,a development mode centered in export economy was formed in Fujian,which promoted prosperity of various kinds of folk craft.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with prosperous development of domestic market economy and growth of social wealth,extravagance was more and more popular.People’s consumption fervor toward artful and novel crafts has laid down the characteristics of"precious materials,exquisite carving and gorgeous decoration"of folk craft in Fujian,and its influence on the style continues to this day.