最后通牒博弈的研究范式述评及其对结果的影响

A Review of the Research Paradigm of Ultimatum Game and Its Effect on the Results

最后通牒博弈是行为博弈中的经典范式,常被用于探讨人们在与他人互动决策中的公平倾向与公平敏感性,存在着诸多不同的研究范式。具体而言,提议的分配物上存在不同的分配物形态、数量以及获益/损失框架;在博弈的情境因素上包括个体与群体情境、自我与他人决策及不同的提议者身份信息呈现方式;在博弈双方关系上包括不同的社会距离、权利距离及分配意图等因素。不同的范式因素均有其适用的研究条件,也会对被试的决策行为和实验结果带来不同的影响。未来研究应更多关注博弈任务中的程序公平,探讨范式因素对决策结果的潜在影响机制,并从实验室模拟进一步拓展到现实生活中来。

The Ultimatum game(UG)is a classic paradigm in behavioral games and often used to explore the fairness tendency and fairness sensitiveness of people’s interactions with others.There are many different paradigms in UG.Specifically,there are different distribution types,quantities,and benefit/loss frameworks on the proposed distribution;the contextual factors of the game include individual and group contexts,for self and others decisions,and different proponent identity information presentation methods;In terms of the relationship between the players,different social distances,power distances,and distribution intentions are included.Different experimental manipulation factors have their corresponding applicable conditions,and may also have different effects on the decision-making behavior and experimental results.Future research should pay more attention to the procedural fairness in the UG,explore the potential impact mechanism of the paradigm factor on the decision outcome,and further expand from the laboratory simulation to the real life.