套作绿肥对烤烟生长及土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of Intercropping Green Manure on Growth of Flue-Cured Tobacco and Soil Enzyme Activities

为探索适宜黑龙江宾西烟区烤烟生长的施肥模式,采用田间试验,设置Y1(套作草木樨+化肥减量30%)、Y2(套作草木樨+不施化肥)、Y3(套作小麦+化肥减量30%)、Y4(套作小麦+不施化肥)、Y5(不套作绿肥+常规施肥)、Y6(不套作绿肥+化肥减量30%)、CK(不套作绿肥+不施化肥)7种施肥处理,研究套作绿肥并配施化肥对烤烟农艺性状、土壤酶活性、烟株不同部位钾元素含量以及烤烟经济性状的影响。结果表明,在烤烟生长平顶期,套作绿肥+化肥减量30%处理对于提高烤烟的叶片数和最大叶面积效果明显,分别较Y5处理提高1.56%~3.47%和1.58%~2.57%,增加烟株茎部和叶片部位钾元素含量,但对根部钾元素含量没有显著影响。植烟土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性以套作绿肥+化肥减量30%处理表现较好,但脲酶和磷酸酶活性则是仅套作绿肥处理表现较好。此外,套作绿肥+化肥减量30%能够提高烤烟的经济性状,其中单叶质量、橘色烟比例、产量和产值分别较Y5处理增加3.01%~3.28%(P>0.05)、44.29%~131.72%(P<0.05)、1.36%~4.58%(P>0.05)和1.45%~9.82%(P>0.05)。综上所述,针对黑龙江宾西地区,从绿色农业可持续发展为出发点,以套作小麦或草木樨作为绿肥+化肥减量30%较为适宜。

In order to explore the suitable fertilization model for the growth of flue-cured in Binxi tobacco region of Heilongjiang,using field experiment,Y1(intercropping rhinoceros+30%reduction in fertilization),Y2(intercropping rhinoceros+no fertilization),Y3(intercropping wheat+30%reduction in fertilization),Y4(intercropping wheat+no fertilization),Y5(not intercropping green manure+conventional fertilization),Y6(not intercropping green manure+30%reduction in fertilization)and CK(not intercropping green manure+no fertilization)treatments were set,and the effect of intercropping green manure and application of chemical fertilizers on agronomic traits,soil enzyme activity,potassium content in different parts of tobacco plant,and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results showed that,during the flattening period of tobacco,intercropping green manure+30%reduction in fertilization treatment had obvious increase effect in the number of leaves and maximum leaf area of flue-cured tobacco,which increased by 1.56%—3.47%and 1.58%—2.57%compared with Y5 treatment,improved the potassium content in the stem and leaf parts of tobacco,but had no significant effect on the potassium content in the roots.For soil sucrase and catalase activities,intercropping green manure+30%reduction in fertilization was appropriate,but urease and phosphatase activities were better when only intercropping green manure.In addition,intercropping green manure+30%reduction in fertilization treatment could increase the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco,the quality of single leaf,orange smoke ratio,yield and output value,compared with Y5 treatment,the increases were 3.01%—3.28%(P>0.05),44.29%—131.72%(P<0.05),1.36%—4.58%(P>0.05)and 1.45%—9.82%(P>0.05).In summary,from the perspective of sustainable development of green agriculture,intercropping wheat or rhinoceros+30%reduction in fertilization is more suitable in the Binxi area of Heilongjiang.