饲用油菜对盐碱地土壤改良效果探究

Improvement Effect of Feed Rapeseed on Saline-alkali Soil

为揭示种植饲用油菜后盐碱地土壤盐碱程度、养分变化规律,于山西省应县盐碱地进行试验,比较相同条件下饲用油菜对不同盐碱度土壤盐碱程度、土壤养分及矿质元素的影响。播前进行土样采集,于初花期进行植株样品的采集,并测定其中全盐含量、pH值、养分及矿质元素含量。结果表明:种植饲用油菜能够降低盐碱地土壤pH值、全盐含量和Na^+含量,且Na^+主要富集于油菜的根系中;种植饲用油菜在一定程度上可以提高盐碱地土壤速效磷和速效钾含量,但当年种植饲用油菜对土壤有机质含量没有明显提升优势(初花期收获);种植饲用油菜后,土壤有效Fe含量显著升高,有效Ca、Mg、B和Mn含量均明显降低。综上,饲用油菜对盐碱地土壤改良有一定效果,同时能够改善土壤肥力,改良土壤环境。

In order to reveal the regularity of salinity degree and nutrient change of soil in saline-alkali land after planting feed rapeseed,an experiment was carried out in saline-alkali land in Yingxian,Shanxi Province.The effects of feed rapeseed on soil saline-alkali degree,soil nutrients and mineral elements contents in different saline-alkali soils were studied under the same conditions.Soil samples were collected before sowing,plant samples were collected at the early flowering stage,and pH value,total salt,nutrient and mineral element contents were determined.The results showed that feed rapeseed could reduce the pH value,total salt and Na^+contents of saline-alkali soil,and Na^+was mainly concentrated in the root system of feed rapeseed.The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in saline-alkali soil could be improved to a certain extent by planting feed rapeseed,but there was no obvious advantage in the increase of content of soil organic matter in the same year after planting feed rapeseed(harvest at early flowering).After planting feed rapeseed,the content of available Fe in soil increased significantly,while the contents of available Ca,Mg,B and Mn decreased significantly.In conclusion,feed rapeseed has certain effects on soil improvement in saline-alkali land,and can improve soil fertility and soil environment.