《音注四言杂字》的语音特点与150年来诸城方音的演变

The Phonetic Features of Yin Zhu Si Yan Za Zi(音注四言杂字)and the Phonetic Evolution of Zhucheng(诸城)Dialect in the Past 150 Years

《音注四言杂字》是一部纯粹反映150年前诸城方音的历史文献。其语音特点有声母方面的知庄章组的二分、见系声母的超前腭化、日母的三分及微母的独立等,韵母方面通摄阳声韵并入梗曾摄、见系歌戈韵不分、山咸宕摄入声韵见系一等开口字读作合口呼、"六"、"所"二字的韵母为u及"做"的文白异读等,声调方面清入声字多数读作上声等。这些重要的特征有的与今音完全吻合,有的至今已经消失,它们对于诸城方音的历史探究乃至近代山东方音及胶辽官话的研究大有裨益。

Yin Zhu Si Yan Za Zi(音注四言杂字)is a historical document which thoroughly reflects Zhucheng(诸城)dialect 150 years ago.Its phonetic features include three aspects.First in initial aspect there’s Zhi(知)Zhuang(庄)Zhang(章)groups divided into 2 parts,the advance palatalization of Jian Xi(见系)Initials,initial Ri(日)divided into 3 parts and the independence of initial Wei(微).Second in vowel aspect,Yang(阳)rhymes of Tong(通)She(摄)emerged into Geng(梗)and Zeng(曾)She(摄),no difference between Ge(歌)and Ge rhyme of Jian Xi(见系)initials,the open mouth grade-one words of Jian Xi(见系)initials belonging to Shan(山)Xian(咸)and Dang(宕)She’s Ru(入)rhymes can be read with mouth closed;the vowels of Liu(六)and Suo(所)being both U,as well as the literary and colloquial readings of Zuo(做).Third in tone aspect,most entering tone characters of clear initials are read in Shang(上)tone.Some of these important features are identical to current pronunciation;others have vanished so far.They are beneficial to the research into the history of Zhucheng(诸城)dialect and even the modern Shandong(山东)dialect as well as Jiao-Liao(胶辽)mandarin.