常用词“寤(悟)、觉、醒”的历时兴替及其原因

The Diachronic Succession and Its Causes of the Common Words Wu(寤/悟),Jue(觉),Xing(醒)

常用词的演变既受其自身语义变化的制约,又受同一系统中其他成员的影响,"睡醒"义词"寤(悟)、觉、醒"的兴替情况即是如此。"觉"取代"寤"缘于后者主导义项的转移,而"醒"取代"觉"则在很大程度上和其反义系统成员"睡"的牵制有关,正是"睡""觉"组合的词化并大量使用限制了"觉"的动词用法,才给后起之秀"醒"以可乘之机,加之"醒"一词兼三义"睡醒""酒醒""苏醒"不仅不影响表义的明确性,而且符合语言经济的原则,故至迟不晚于16世纪初,便取代"觉"而成为现代汉语中表"睡醒"义的主导词。

The evolution of common words is not only restricted by their own semantic changes,but also influenced by other members of the same system,This is the substitution of the word Wu(寤/悟),Jue(觉)and Xing(醒).The substitution of Jue(觉)for Wu(寤/悟)is due to the transfer of the dominant meaning of the latter.The substitution of Xing(醒)for Jue(觉)is largely related to the restraint of the member Shui(睡)in its antisense system.It is the Lexicalization and extensive use of the combination of Shui(睡)and Jiao(觉)that limits the verb usage of Jue(觉),Only then can give the opportunity of Xing(醒)that appeared later.In addition,the word Xing(醒)that one word having its three meanings"wake up from sleep","wake up from drunkenness"and"wake up from coma"do not affect the clarity of the meaning.and it is also in line with the principles of language economy,so no later than sixteenth Century,Xing(醒)instead of Jue(觉)has become a common word in modern Chinese.