跨文化视角下的绿松石与镶嵌礼仪饰品研究

The Research of Turquoise and Inlaid Ritual Ornaments from a Cross-cultural Perspective

绿松石装饰品和镶嵌工艺曾经是世界多个古老文明都很重视的自然宝石和奢侈品原材料的加工首选。人们因为各种文化背景和愿望对这种绿色装饰品寄予了不同文化的、宗教的和审美的意义,使其承担着不同人群与古老文明所赋予的信仰寄托,或使其成为与社会政治体制相关联的具有权威意义的象征。从跨文化角度审视中国与古埃及和美洲地区的古代文明,分析绿松石与镶嵌技术在各自文化中具有的社会含义与文化传统,可以发现无论是中国还是埃及与美洲地区,绿松石和镶嵌饰品在早期均有较强的装饰功能。但是随着镶嵌工艺技术的提高其功能意义也变得复杂多样,更多成为社会地位与权威的礼仪象征物。二里头绿松石镶嵌牌饰等礼仪饰品与古埃及图坦卡蒙国王王冠上的镶嵌绿松石,以及美洲地区出土的镶嵌有绿松石的面具、冠带、胸饰和甲胄等一样,显示其被赋予了更为广泛的社会意义和宗教神性,发挥着具有权力象征的重要作用。因此绿松石制品与镶嵌工艺在古代人类社会文明进程中的社会意义研究不仅限于古代中国,也是一个具有世界性的研究课题。

Turquoise ornaments and inlay craftsmanship were once the first choice for natural gems and luxury raw materials that many ancient civilizations around the world have valued.Because of various cultural backgrounds and wishes,people have placed different cultural,religious and aesthetic meanings on this green decoration,such as making it bear the belief and sustenance given by these different groups of people and ancient civilizations,or making it a symbol of authority associated with the social and political system.This article attempts to compare and analyze the social meanings and cultural traditions of turquoise and inlay technology in their respective cultures from the cross-cultural perspective of China in the ancient civilizations of the world,especially compared with the ancient civilizations of ancient Egypt and the Americas.Whether in China or Egypt and the Americas,turquoise and inlaid craftsmanship had strong decorative functions in the early days.However,with the improvement of inlay technology,its functional significance had become more complex and diverse,and it had become a ritual symbol of social status and authority.The ritual ornaments such as the Erlitou turquoise inlaid plates are the same as the inlaid turquoise on the crown of King Tutankhamun of ancient Egypt,and the masks,crowns,necklace and armors unearthed in the Americas,all of these artifacts have been endowed broader social significance and religious divinity,and played an important role as a symbol of power.Therefore,the research on the social significance of turquoise ornaments and inlay craftsmanship in the civilization process of ancient human society is not limited to ancient China,but is also a worldwide research topic.