周敦颐因太极而立人极的政治伦理思想

The Political Ethics“Determine‘Renji’by‘Taiji’”of Zhou Dunyi

北宋王朝结束了五代十国的分裂局面,但是政治、经济、文化、军事等层面所存在的问题又让北宋王朝潜藏着深刻的社会危机。周敦颐总结历史兴衰,汲取安邦治国经验,对社会问题进行了思考,构建了一套丰富的政治伦理思想体系。他从"太极"的本体论出发,通过"因太极立人极"的逻辑推演方式,沟通"天""地""人"三才,为"圣人之道"找到本体论依据。他认为圣人"因太极立人极",通过制礼作乐,以"中正仁义"和"诚"教化万民,让社会回归到正常的人伦秩序当中,从而达到"万民顺"的理想状态。周敦颐的政治伦理思想是对北宋社会危机的反思,对于缓解北宋社会矛盾有着深远的借鉴意义。周敦颐"因太极立人极"的思想实质上是对传统"天人之辩"的进一步发展,也是对儒学人文传统的回归。周敦颐的政治伦理思想为后世政治伦理思想的构建奠定了基础,特别是其"立人极"的思想对王船山的政治伦理思想有着重要的影响。

Absrtact:The Northern Song Dynasty ended the division of the five-dynasty period,but the problems in politics,economy,culture,military make the Northern Song Dynasty have a profound social crisis.Zhou Dunyi summarizes the rise and fall of history,learn from the experience of governing the country.By thinking about social problems,the theory of political ethics is summarized.He took the ontology of"Taiji"as the theoretical basis,then determine"Renji"by"Taiji",so the theories of"three Factors of Heaven,Earth and Man"be interconnected,the ontology basis of"Tao of the Sage"has been found.He firmly believed in Sages determine"Renji"by"Taiji",making etiquette with music,Educated the people with righteousness,benevolence and honesty.Only in this way can society return to the normal order of human relations,the people will obey the government.Zhou Dunyi’s political ethics thought is a reflection on the social crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty,which has far-reaching reference significance for alleviating the social crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty.Zhou Dunyi’s thought of"determine‘Renji’by‘Taiji’"is essentially the further development of the traditional"debate of heaven and man"and the return of Confucian humanistic tradition.Zhou Dunyi’s political ethics thought laid the foundation for the construction of the later political ethics thought.In particular,his thought of"determine‘Renji’by‘Taiji’"has an important influence on Wang Chuanshan’s political ethics thought.