鄂国由姞姓向姬姓转变及其迁徙的背景分析——兼论鄂国灭国后应属汉阳诸姬之一

A Historical Analysis of the Change of Surname and Relocation of the State of E

鄂国是一个古老的商周姞姓封国,随着禹鼎和近年来随州鄂侯器群的发现,其扑朔迷离的面纱才被逐一揭露,那就是在西周早期鄂国应是与曾国同时并列于汉东的一个古国,西周晚期因鄂侯联合南淮夷反叛周室而被周王室所灭。通过南阳夏饷铺新发现的鄂侯青铜器铭文,证实春秋时的鄂国已转变为姬姓,说明鄂国灭亡后,同曾国一样,周人也应是在原姞姓之国的基础上重新分封了一个姬姓鄂国。重分封的鄂国可能也应属汉阳诸姬之一,只是在春秋初期因迫于楚国东进的势力,汉东姬姓鄂国才被迫迁往南阳。这对后世认识鄂国由姞姓向姬姓的转变及汉阳诸姬的史实提供了非常重要的证据。

The State of E originated as a vassal of Shang and continued to exist as one during the Western Zhou.With the discoveries of the Yu bronze tripod and,more recently,the bronze assemblages of Marquis E,E’s complicated history has become clearer to us.During the early Western Zhou,E was an archaic state that co-existed with the State of Zeng east of the Han River.It ended up being overthrown by Zhou military forces in the ninth century because of its rebellion with the confederation of Southern Huaiyi tribes against Zhou.New evidence of Marquis E-related bronze inscriptions from the Xiaxiangpu site in Nanyang reveals that by the Spring and Autumn period the ruler of E had already become surnamed Ji.The change of surname suggests that Zhou should have enfeoffed a new E state in the territory of the archaic E polity.This new E state was likely one of those Various Ji-Surnamed Polities north of the Han River.Pressured by the aggressions of Chu,E was eventually forced to relocate itself to Nanyang Basin at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period.These new discoveries provide important evidence for understanding the trajectory of the State of E as well as the Various Ji-Surnamed Polities north of the Han river.