论开放教育的概念、特征及意义——基于相关概念的解读与辨析

On the Concept, Characteristics and Significance of Open Education——Based on the Interpretation and Discrimination of Related Concepts

开放教育是近年来使用较为普遍的一个概念,却没有一个公认的、较为清晰的定义界定其内涵与外延,概念的模糊已影响到开放教育理论及实践的创新发展。通过论证概念的形式逻辑,剖析实践中"开放"的含义,尝试给出反映开放教育本质属性的定义。通过分析开放教育与传统教育在教育构成要素上的区别,提出了开放教育的八个特征。进一步阐明开放教育与远程教育、网络教育、继续教育、终身教育等相近概念之间的相互关系,增进对于开放教育本质的理解。开放教育蕴含了联通主义的教育观,体现了系统学的方法论和终身学习的价值追求,应在开放中创新,在创新中发展。

Open education is a concept usually used in recent years, but there is no clear definition to define its connotation and extension. The ambiguity of concept has affected the innovative development of open education theory and practice. By demonstrating the formal logic of the concept, this paper analyzes the meaning of "opening" in practice, and tries to give a definition reflecting the nature of open education. By analyzing the differences between open education and traditional education in educational elements, this paper puts forward eight characteristics of open education. Furthermore, the relationships between open education and its similar concepts including distance education, online education, continuous education, lifelong education are clarified, and the understanding of open education is enhanced. Open education reflects the view of connectivism and contains the methodology of systematics. It leads to the pursuit of lifelong learning and should be innovative in opening up and developing in innovation.