自由与必然:马克思重要哲学范畴的解蔽

Freedom and Inevitability:Re-deconstructing Marx’s Important Philosophical Dichotomy

自由与必然是马克思哲学中一对重要的哲学范畴,长期以来受到人们的冷落与忽视,这使得对马克思哲学的阐释或者走向过分强调自由的西方人道主义或抽象人学,或者滑入夸大必然的科学主义或机械决定论。马克思《博士论文》中以原子直线运动与偏斜运动对自由与必然的微观切入,《提纲》中以实践二重性对自由与必然的深度整合,《资本论》中以自由王国与必然王国对自由与必然的现实深化,都可以帮助我们重新解蔽自由与必然的关系。这一方面有助于回应对马克思哲学抽象化、决定论的错误阐释,另一方面也有助于推进当前马克思道德哲学、政治哲学的深入研究。

Freedom and inevitability has been neglected for a long time,which results in two misinterpretations of Marxist philosophy.One goes towards the western humanitarianism or abstract humanism which overemphasizes freedom,and the other tends to be the scientism or mechanical determinism which exaggerates inevitability.In his Doctoral Dissertation,Marx interpreted freedom and inevitability from a microcosmic perspective by atomic straight line movement and swerve movement;in Outline,he integrated freedom and inevitability in depth by practical duality;in Capital,he deepened the relationship between freedom and inevitability in reality based on the relationship between the kingdom of freedom and the kingdom of inevitability.All of these help us to re-deconstruct the relationship between freedom and inevitability.It helps to respond to the misinterpretations of the abstraction and determinism of Marxist philosophy;on the other hand,it helps to promote the study of Marxist moral philosophy and political philosophy.