论弗兰克三种时间“空间化”叙事

On Three Types of"Spatialization"of Time in Frank's Narratology

弗兰克“空间转向”上的理论贡献主要是通过三种时间“空间化”来完成的。三种时间“空间化”分别是场景时间空间化、情节时间空间化和“纯粹时间”空间化。弗兰克的三种时间“空间化”有逻辑顺序,其空间化的程度按照从福楼拜到普鲁斯特、从客观到主观逐渐增强。场景时间空间化和情节时间空间化是“一体两面”的,情节时间空间化是场景时间空间化的“内面”,“纯粹时间”空间化却是场景时间空间化、情节时间空间化的“内面”,是叙述时间的直觉化、心理化的结果。场景时间空间化、情节时间空间化侧重于客观技巧层面,“纯粹时间”空间化侧重于主观感觉层面;场景时间空间化、情节时间空间化是具象的,“纯粹时间”空间化是抽象的。更为重要的是,这三种时间“空间化”叙事理论具有前瞻性与实践性,影响了很多小说家的创作,取得了丰硕的创作成果。

Frank's theoretical contribution to"spatial turn"is mainly accomplished through three kinds of time"spatialization".The three kinds of time"spatialization"are respectively scene time spatialization,plot time spatialization and"pure time"spatialization.Frank's three kinds of time"spatialization"have a logical sequence,and the degree of spatialization gradually increases from Flaubert to Proust and from objective to subjective.Spatialization of scene time and spatialization of plot time are"two sides of one body".Spatialization of pure time is the"inner surface"of spatialization of scene time and spatialization of plot time,which is the result of intuition and psychology of narrative time.The temporal spatialization of scenes and plots focuses on objective skills while the spatial spatialization of"pure time"focuses on subjective feelings.The temporal spatialization of scenes and plots is concrete,while the spatial spatialization of"pure time"is abstract.What's more,these three narrative theories of spatialization of time are forwardlooking and practical,which have influenced the creation of many novelists and achieved fruitful results.