不同夏玉米品种影响籽粒机收质量的关键因素

Key Factors of Different Summer Maize Varieties Affecting Quality of Grain Machine Harvesting

为了摸索能够推广玉米机械粒收的条件和技术指标,为选育出适宜黄淮海地区玉米籽粒机收新品种和籽粒机收技术的推广应用提供理论依据和数据参考,于2019年选用黄淮海地区主栽的10个不同夏玉米品种,开展夏玉米籽粒机收质量的关键因素研究,分析所选品种重要机收质量指标籽粒破碎率、杂质率和损失率与含水率、腐籽率之间的关系。结果表明,重要机收质量指标籽粒破碎率、杂质率、损失率的平均值分别为3.81%、1.26%、3.60%,含水率平均为27.06%;除浚单20籽粒破碎率、损失率较高以及迪卡517损失率较高外,其他供试品种都能满足玉米籽粒机械收获的技术条件;腐籽率整体较高,为1.17%~4.39%,腐籽率高是影响籽粒机收质量的一个重要问题。各因素间的相关性分析结果表明,籽粒含水率与破碎率、杂质率间呈极显著正相关,其中,含水率与破碎率回归方程为y=0.3069x-4.4917(R^2=0.7082^**,n=30);含水率与杂质率回归方程为y=0.1649x-3.2044(R^2=0.7644^**,n=30);破碎率与杂质率间、损失率与腐籽率间呈极显著正相关。除含水率、破碎率和杂质率是影响机收质量的关键因素外,还需要关注腐籽率对黄淮海地区夏玉米品种籽粒机收质量的影响。

To explore the conditions and technical indexes which could popularize the mechanical kernel harvest,and provide theoretical basis and data reference for the breeding of new varieties which were suitable for local maize mechanical kernel harvest and the popularization and application of the technology,in 2019,10 different summer maize varieties were selected to study on the key factors affecting grain quality of mechanical kernel harvest in Huang-Huai-Hai,and analyzed the relationship between the important index of grain mechanical kernel harvest(kernel breakage rate,grain impurity rate and loss rate)and grain moisture content,rotten grains rate of the selected varieties.The results showed that the average kernel breakage rate,grain impurity rate,loss rate were 3.81%,1.26%,3.60%,respectively,the average grain moisture content was 27.06%.Except for the grain breakage rate and loss rate were higher of Xundan 20,and the loss rate of Dika 517 was higher,the other tested vaieties could meet the technical conditions of maize mechanical kernel harvest.The overall rotten grain rate was higher relatively,ranging from 1.17%to 4.39%,and the high rotten grains rate was an important problem for affecting the mechanical kernel harvest.The correlation analysis indicated that grain moisture content had a significant positive correlation with kernel breakage rate and grain impurity rate,the regression equation of grain moisture content and kernel breakage rate was y=0.3069 x-4.4917(R^2=0.7082^**,n=30),the regression equation of grain moisture content and grain impurity rate was y=0.1649 x-3.2044(R^2=0.7644^**,n=30).There was a significant positive correlation between kernel breakage rate and grain impurity rate,and between loss rate and rotten grains rate.The results of this study showed that in addition to grain moisture content,kernel breakage rate and grain impurity rate were the key factors which affected the grain quality of mechanical kernel harvest,it was necessary to pay attention to the effect of rotten grains rates on the grain quality of summer maize mechanical kernel harvest in Huang-Huai-Hai area.