肝外胆管细胞癌的影像学诊断现状与展望

The present situation and prospect of imaging diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

肝外胆管细胞癌(extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ECC)是一类侵袭性较高的胆系恶性肿瘤,近年来其发病率及死亡率不断上升。ECC早期缺乏特异性征象且生长部位隐匿,致其早期诊断极其困难。当患者出现黄疸、腹痛、消瘦等临床症状时常提示疾病已进入中晚期。提高ECC的早期诊断率是提高患者生存期的重要措施之一。影像学检查是诊断ECC的重要方式之一,检查方法主要包括:彩色多普勒超声(包括超声造影技术)、CT、MRI、PET/CT、PET/MR及ERCP等方法,各类检查方法均有各自的优势但同时也存在一定的局限性。现就ECC的流行病学、病理及分型、临床表现、影像学表现及展望作一综述。

Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma(ECC)is a kind of highly invasive biliary malignancy.In recent years,its morbidity and mortality are on the rise.Early diagnosis of ECC is extremely difficult due to it's lack of specific signs and occult growth sites.When the patient appears jaundice,abdominal pain,emaciation and other clinical symptoms often suggest that the disease has entered the advanced stage.Improving the early diagnosis rate of ECC is one of the important measures to improve the survival of patients.Imaging examination is one of the important methods for the diagnosis of ECC.The examination methods mainly include Color Doppler Ultrasound(including CEUS),CT,MRI,PET/CT,PET/MR and ERCP,etc.All kinds of examination methods have their own advantages but also some limitations.This paper reviews the epidemiology,pathology,typing,clinical manifestations,imaging findings and prospects of ECC.