环状RNA在神经系统疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of circular RNA in nervous system diseases

环状RNA(circRNA)是一种长链非编码RNA分子,广泛存在于真核细胞中,有高度的表达保守性,具有海绵吸附、与蛋白质结合和参与蛋白翻译的功能。circRNA可以参与多种疾病的调控,如肿瘤、心血管疾病及神经系统疾病。新近的研究发现,circRNA在神经系统中表达丰度很高,具有组织特异性,尤其在脑组织中表达丰富,参与神经系统的发育和信号传递,调控大脑复杂的功能和多种神经活动。circRNA与神经系统疾病的发生发展有着密切的关系,在脑性瘫痪、阿尔兹海默病及脑卒中都能发现其参与其中。circRNA结构稳定,在外泌体中半衰期长,不易降解。因此,circRNA被认为是一种理想的生物标志物,可用于监测多种神经系统疾病。本文就circRNA的生物学功能及其在神经系统疾病中的研究现状进行综述。

Circular RNA(circRNA)is a long-chain non-coding RNA molecule,which is widely found in eukaryotic cells.It is highly conserved in expression and has the functions of sponge adsorption,protein binding and protein translation.CircRNA can be involved in the regulation of a variety of diseases,such as tumors,cardiovascular diseases and nervous system diseases.Recent studies have found that circRNA is highly expressed in the nervous system and has tissue specificity,especially in the brain tissue.It is involved in the development and signal transmission of the nervous system and regulates the complex functions and various neural activities of the brain.CircRNA is closely associated with the development of nervous system diseases,and it has been found to be involved in cerebral palsy,alzheimer′s disease,and stroke.CircRNA is stable in structure,has a long half-life in exosomes,and is not easily degraded.Therefore,circRNA is considered as an ideal biomarker for monitoring a variety of nervous system diseases.This paper reviews the biological functions of circRNA and its application in nervous system diseases.