新形势下以全科医学理念为基础的老年人群医养结合的思考

Thoughts on the combination of medicine and nursing for the elderly based on the concept of general practice in the new situation

全科医学(general practice,GP)面向社区与家庭,是一个综合性医学大类学科,整合了临床医学、预防医学、康复医学及人文社会等多学科内容。全科医学的主旨是强调以人为中心、以家庭为单位、以整体健康的维护与促进为方向的长期负责式照护,既关注个体健康,又注重群体健康。建国70周年以来,全科医学在我国经历了蓬勃的发展,在面对慢性非传染性疾病与新发传染病持续威胁人民健康的新形势下,基于全科医学理念开展的疾病预防保健、健康管理与突发公共卫生事件应急应对,在我国基层卫生系统内发挥了巨大的作用。伴随着社会人口老龄化的进程,不断增加的养老服务需求也给全科医学提供了更多发展的角度与空间,在全科医学的视角下整合家庭、医院、社区与养老机构的资源,以全科医生作为纽带,推进"家庭式""社区式""一体式"医养结合模式综合构建,提高老年人生活质量,减轻社会养老压力,培养具备全科医学理念与技能的全科专业团队,为全生命周期做好健康守护,既是我国医疗和养老改革的发展趋势,也是实现"健康中国"目标的必要途径。

General practice(GP)is oriented to communities and families.It is a comprehensive medical discipline that integrates clinical medicine,preventive medicine,rehabilitation medicine,and humanities and society.The main purpose of general practice is to emphasize long-term responsible care that is people-centered,family-based,and oriented toward the maintenance and promotion of overall health,focusing on both individual health and group health.Since the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China,general practice has experienced vigorous development in our country.In the face of the new situation of chronic non-communicable diseases and emerging infectious diseases that continue to threaten peoples health,disease prevention and health care,health management and emergency response to public health emergencies based on the concept of general practice have played a huge role in Chinas primary health system.With the aging of the social population,the ever-increasing demand for elderly care services has also provided more perspectives and space for the development of general practice.From the perspective of general practice,integration the resources of families,hospitals,communities and pension institutions,promotion the comprehensive construction of"family type""community type"and"integrated"mode of medical care and nursing through the link of general practitioners,so as to improve the quality of life of the elderly,reduce the pressure of social pension,cultivate a general professional team with the concept and skills of general practice,and do a good job in guarding the whole life cycle nursing,are not only the development trend of Chinas medical and pension reform,but also the necessary way to achieve the goal of"healthy China".