从《四库全书总目》看四库馆臣的辞赋批评

On Ci Fu Criticism of the Siku Officials in the General Catalogue of Siku Quanshu

《四库全书总目》是中国历史上目录学的集大成之作,具有多维的研究维度,集中体现了清代前中期“官学”的文学思想和意识形态。梳理其中涉赋的文字,有助于厘清几个问题。在文体批评上,四库馆臣尤其推重古体赋,对于空乏无情、追求骈俪对偶的律体赋及骈赋采取批评的态度。在论及历代赋家赋作的批评上,四库馆臣标举淳雅清真的风格,贬仰华而不实、空乏无情的作品。同时还可以注意到,清高宗弘历的文学思想及总纂官纪昀的辞赋观亦对《总目》的辞赋观产生了不可忽视的影响,这种辞赋批评的观念与乾嘉的文坛之间产生了双向的互动,影响了赋家的辞赋创作。

The General Catalogue of Siku Quanshu(hereinafter referred to as the General Catalogue)is a masterpiece of bibliography in Chinese history,which has multi-dimensional research dimensions and embodies the literary thoughts and ideology of"Official Learning"in the early and middle Qing Dynasty.By sorting out the words related to Fu in the General Catalogue,it can help to clarify several issues.In terms of stylistic criticism,the Siku officials especially held the Ancient Style Fu in esteem,and took a critical attitude towards the Law Style Fu and Pian Fu,which are empty and heartless in pursuit of antithetical parallelism.On the criticism of the Fu writers and works of the past dynasties,the Siku officials marked the elegant,clear and genuine style,while devaluing the flashy,empty and merciless works.At the same time,it must be noted that Qing Emperor Hongli's literary thoughts and Chief Editor Ji Yun's views of Ci Fu also had a significant impact on the views of Ci Fu in the General Catalogue.This idea of Ci Fu criticism had a two-way interaction with the literary world of Qianjia and influenced the Ci Fu creation of Fu Writers.