经济犯罪的立案及其监督

Economic Crime Filing and It's Supervision

立案可分为主动立案与被动立案。主动立案是指侦查机关主动发现案件线索或者犯罪嫌疑人,为查明犯罪进行的立案;被动立案是指侦查机关根据控告人、报案人、举报人、自动投案人的控告、报案、举报、投案自首或者有关机关的移送,被动进行的立案。主动立案的法律依据是《刑事诉讼法》第109条,主要适用于公安机关数据化作战主动发现的经济犯罪,主动立案后侦查过程中应当有相应的限制。被动立案的法律依据是《刑事诉讼法》第112条。侦查阶段公安机关应当有权变更、追加立案罪名,但《刑事诉讼法》对此未作规定,这不仅有损于公安机关的执法公信力,也损害犯罪嫌疑人的诉讼权利。对此,应予完善。当前对立案监督的法律规范是不全面的,应将侦查机关乱作为纳入立案监督的范畴。

Case filing can be divided into active filing and passive filing.Active case filing means that the investigative agency actively discovers clues or criminal suspects in order to investigate the crime;Passive filing refers to the filing of a case passively carried out by the investigative agency based on the accusation,report,surrender of the case,or the transfer of relevant agencies by the accuser,informant,or automatic surrender.The legal basis for the initiative to file a case is Article 109 of the Criminal Procedure Law,which is mainly applicable to economie crimes actively discovered by public security organs through digital operations,and there should be corresponding restrictions during the investigation process.The legal basis for passively filing a case is Article 112 of the Criminal Procedure Law.During the investigation stage,public security organs should have the right to change and add charges,but the"Criminal Procedure Law"does not provide for this.This not only damages the credibility of publie security organs in law enforcement,but also damages the criminal suspect's procedural rights.In this regard,the legal norms for supervision of case filing should include investigative agencies as the scope of supervision of case filing.