高等教育分化与整合的演变规律及功能取向

The evolutionary rule and functional orientation of the differentiation and integration of higher education

分化与整合是高等教育系统的两大基础功能。两种功能相辅相成,共同促进高等教育系统自身及与社会的协调有序发展。分化与整合交替是高等教育系统外部环境变化与自身逻辑发展相互作用的结果。文章在回顾中外高等教育发展历史、研究分化与整合客观规律的基础上,总结中华人民共和国成立以来我国高等教育分化与整合的经验与教训,探寻分化与整合的有效对策。研究发现,若要促进我国高等教育系统和谐、健康、有序地发展,则必须实现分化与整合并重发展,这既是时代发展的强烈呼唤,又是高等教育自身改革与发展的迫切需要,还是顺应国际高等教育发展趋势的必然选择。而要实现合分并重发展则必须处理好国家建设、社会建设与个人发展之间的关系,政府调控、市场调节与高校自主之间的关系,党委领导、院校自主与社会参与之间的关系。

Differentiation and integration are the two basic functions of the higher education system.These two functions complement each other,and jointly promote the higher education system develop itself and orderly coordinate with the society.The alternation of differentiation and integration is the result of the interaction between changes in the external environment of the higher education system and its own logical development.After reviewing the history of the development of higher education at home and abroad and studying the objective rules of differentiation and integration,the paper summarizes the experience and lessons since the founding of the People′s Republic of China,and explores effective countermeasures for differentiation and integration.In order to promote the harmonious,orderly and healthy development of our country′s higher education system,it is necessary to practice the functional orientation of both differentiation and integration.This is a strong call for the development of the times,an urgent need for the reform and development of higher education itself,and the inevitable choice to conform to the development trend of international higher education.In order to balance the differentiation and integration of development,we have to deal with the relationship between national construction,social construction and personal development,the relationship between government regulation,market regulation and university autonomy,and the relationship between Party committee leadership,college autonomy and social participation.