美国高校教师长聘制的基本要素、内在机理及启示——基于加州大学的分析

The basic elements,internal mechanism and enlightenment of the tenure system in American universities:an analysis of the University of California

我国高校引进美国高校教师长聘制只具备了制度的“形”而不完全具备“神”,限制了这一制度作用的发挥。文章通过对加州大学教师长聘制基本要素和内在机理进行研究发现,加州大学长聘教职的任职评审是一个权力相互制衡的过程,同时也是学术力量与行政力量共同参与大学治理的过程;长聘教职任职评审标准在全面的基础上以质量为核心综合考查候选人的能力,评审过程中十分注重对教师权益的保护。文章结合我国高校教师聘任制改革实践,提出将我国高校教师长聘制的核心理念由筛选淘汰转为保障教师权益,制定更加科学合理的教师业绩评价标准,完善长聘教职评审流程以提高评审公正性三点建议。

In the process of the introduction of the tenure system from American universities to Chinese universities,the tenure system in China just has the basic elements but without the internal mechanism,which leads to limited functions.Based on the analysis of the basic elements and internal mechanism of the tenure system of the University of California,this paper finds that the tenure review is a process of checks and balances of power,and a process of academic and administrative forces sharing university governance.Besides,the review criteria for tenure positions focus on the ability of applicants on a comprehensive basis and with quality as the core,and the protection of teachers′rights and interests are emphasized in the review process.Considering the reform practice of the appointment system of teachers in Chinese universities,this paper puts forward three suggestions:to change the core idea of the tenure system in Chinese universities from screening and elimination to protecting the rights and interests of teachers,to formulate more scientific and reasonable criteria for teacher performance evaluation,and to perfect the review process of tenure positions to improve the fairness of the review.