单一正犯视角下的身份犯的共犯问题

On Issues concerning the Accomplice of A Status Crime from the Perspective of the"Unitary Principal Offender"

德、日等国采取区分正犯与共犯的区分制体系的刑法,为解决这种犯罪参与体系带来的对身份犯的共犯处罚不均衡的问题,其不得不对身份犯的共犯设特殊例外的定罪处罚规定。这虽然在一定程度上使对身份犯的共犯的处罚更为合理,但是却带来了刑法解释论上一些新的弊病。我国刑法采取不同于德、日刑法的单一正犯体系,按我国刑法对共同犯罪的定罪处罚规定和单一正犯的解释论,无论是真正身份犯还是不真正身份犯中的共同犯罪案件,采取与非身份犯中的共同犯罪同样的定罪处罚规则,均能得到恰当的处理,因此,不应借鉴德、日的身份犯的共犯解释论。

Germany,Japan and some other countries,who have adopted the criminal law system that distinguish a principal from an accomplice,have to provide for special and exceptional rules on the conviction and punishment for an accomplice of a status crime for the purpose of balancing punishments for the accomplice of a status crime resulted by the system of criminal participation.Although it has made the punishment imposed on the accomplice of a status crime much more reasonable,it has brought some new problems to the hermeneutics of criminal law.The criminal law of China adopts the unitary principal offender system which is different from that of Germany and Japan,so according to rules in the criminal law of China on the conviction and punishment for the joint crime and the hermeneutics on the unitary principal offender,a joint-crime crime involving either a necessary status crime or a unnecessary status crime can be properly dealt with by applying the same rules on conviction and punishment for a joint non-status crime.As a result,there is no need to refer to or mechanically borrow the hermeneutics on the accomplice of a status crime from Germany or Japan.