我国《民法典》个人信息合理使用的情形清单与评估清单——以“抖音案”为例

On the Circumstance List and Evaluation List of the Fair Use of Personal Information under the Civil Code of the PRC:--Taking the Douyin Case as an example

在我国法上,结合《民法典》规范解释与“抖音案”判决思路,比较著作权合理使用制度,个人信息合理使用的法律适用应采“双清单模型”即先满足“开放情形清单”再满足“开放评估清单”,两者皆满足方构成个人信息合理使用。“开放情形清单”优先适用《民法典》第1036条,其次适用第999条,再按第1023条转致适用第1020条,其中遵循“维护公共利益与私权益”目的标准的非穷尽列举。“开放评估清单”应先考虑“抖音案”中司法创制的“三方面说”,再适用《民法典》第1035条的“三原则说”。个人信息合理使用是抗辩而非权利,因此“抖音案”存在程序瑕疵。个人信息合理使用并不排除商业使用,应在“三方面说”的方面二中增设“转换性因素”。互联网平台商业使用的创新转换性越高,构成个人信息合理使用的可能性越大。

According to the normative interpretation of the Civil Code of the PRC and the train of thought in the judgment of the Douyin Case,and through the comparison with the system on the fair use of copyright,the fair use of personal information should be determined by adopting the“dual-list model”,in which the open circumstance list should be satisfied first and then subsequently the open evaluation list.When both lists are satisfied,the use of personal information can be regarded as fair.For the open circumstance list,Article 1036 of the Civil Code shall be applied preemptively,and then Article 999 of Civil Code,and next,Article 1020 of Civil Code is applied by the referral of Article 1023,in which the non-exhaustible enumeration of the standard of purpose of"maintaining public interests and private rights and interests"should be followed.For the open evaluation list,the"three-aspect doctrine"created in the judgment of Douyin Case should be considered first,and then the"three-principle doctrine"under Article 1035 of the Civil Code should be applied.The fair use of personal information is a defense rather than a right,therefore there is a procedural defect in Douyin Case.The fair use of personal information does not rule out commercial use,so"transformative factors"should be added in the second aspect of the"three-aspect doctrine".The more innovatively transformative the commercial use of an internet platform is,the more possible it is to constitute the fair use of personal information.