脑卒中后吞咽障碍康复评估和治疗研究进展

Research progress on rehabilitation assessment and treatment of dysphagia after stroke

吞咽障碍是脑卒中常见并发症,在疾病进行中易引起吸入性肺炎,反复咳嗽和窒息,甚至危及生命。本文就脑卒中吞咽障碍患者床旁筛查、仪器评估及康复治疗的研究进展进行综述。了解常用吞咽评估工具的使用方法、优缺点及应用范围对于明确吞咽障碍病因及确定患者吞咽困难程度极为重要,也为临床康复治疗提供科学指导。脑卒中吞咽障碍的治疗包括口咽部肌肉运动感觉训练、摄食训练、气道保护法、神经肌肉电刺激、间歇经口摄食、球囊导管扩张术,旨在提高吞咽功能,减少并发症,以期为临床康复疗法治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍提供理论依据。

Dysphagia is a common complication of cerebral apoplexy.During the course of the disease,it is easy to cause aspiration pneumonia,recurrent cough and asphyxia,even life-threatening.This paper reviews the progress of bedside screening,instrument evaluation and rehabilitation for patients with dysphagia after stroke.Understanding the methods,advantages and disadvantages and application scope of commonly used swallowing assessment tools is very important to identify the causes of swallowing disorders and determine the degree of dysphagia in patients.It also provides scientific guidance for clinical rehabilitation treatment.The treatment of dysphagia in stroke includes oropharyngeal muscle movement sensory training,feeding training,airway protection,neuromuscular electrical stimulation,intermittent oral feeding,balloon catheter dilatation.The aim is to improve the swallowing function and reduce the complications,so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical rehabilitation therapy to treat the dysphagia after stroke.