0~1岁婴儿109例神经心理发育现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation of neuropsychological development status of 109 infants aged 0-1-year-old and analysis of the impacting factors

目的通过对0~1岁婴儿神经心理发育状况调查,探讨影响其神经心理发育的因素,以及大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言及社交能力之间的相关性。方法收集2019年1月~2020年1月在郑州大学第五附属医院儿童康复医学科就诊,并经0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表评估的109例0~1岁婴儿为研究对象,用单因素分析(t检验、方差分析)、Spearman相关性分析研究婴儿性别、高危因素及胎产方式对神经心理发育的影响,用Spearman相关性分析及散点图分析109例婴儿的大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言、社交能力、智龄及发育商之间的关系。结果通过单因素分析,婴儿的大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言、社交能力及智龄与婴儿性别、高危因素及胎产方式之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),发育商与高危因素、胎产方式之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与早产并顺产比较,足月并顺产及足月并剖宫产出生的婴儿发育商均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过Spearman相关性分析,胎产方式与发育商之间,差异有统计学意义(r=-0.231,P=0.016),高危因素与发育商之间,差异有统计学意义(r=-0.298,P=0.002)。而大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言及社交能力之间相关性显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过散点图分析,大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言及社交能力之间存在线性正相关。结论高危因素是影响婴儿发育水平的危险因素,大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言及社交能力之间相互影响,并呈正相关。

Objective To investigate the neuropsychological development status of infants aged 0-1-year-old,the factors impacting their neuropsychological development,and the correlation among gross motor,fine motor,adaptive ability,language and social ability.Methods 109 infants aged 0-1-year-old admitted to the department of rehabilitation medicine for children of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and evaluated by the neuropsychological development scale for children aged 0-6 from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects.Univariate analysis(t-test,ANOVA)and Spearman correlation analysis were used to study the impacts of gender,high-risk factors and mode of birth on neuropsychological development.Meanwhile,Spearman correlation analysis and scatter plot were used to analyze the relationship among gross motor,fine motor,adaptive ability,language,social ability,intellectual age and developmental quotient(DQ)of 109 infants.Results By univariate analysis,there was no statistically significant difference between the infant's gross motor,fine motor,adaptive ability,language,social ability and intellectual age with infant's gender,high-risk factors and mode of birth.However,there were statistically significant differences in DQ compared with high-risk factors(P=0.000)and mode of birth(P=0.033).Compared with premature delivery with natural delivery,infants born at full term with natural delivery and at full term with cesarean section had higher DQ and the differences were statistically significant(P=0.020).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mode of birth and DQ(r=-0.231,P=0.016),and there were statistically significant differences between high-risk factors and DQ(r=-0.298,P=0.002).However,there were significant correlations among gross motor,fine motor,adaptive ability,language and social ability,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Through scatter plot analysis,there were linear positive correlations among gross motor,fine motor,adaptive ability,language and social ability.Conclusion High-risk factors are the risk factors impacting infants'development level.Gross motor,fine motor,adaptive ability,language and social ability impact each other and are positively correlated.