社区老年人健康状况调查与健康教育模式的研究

Investigation on health condition of the elderly in community and research on health education model

目的探讨社区老年人健康状况调查与健康教育模式。方法采用分层随机抽样的方式,从社区的人员中选取2019年5月~2019年12月互不重叠的60岁及以上的老年人,共180例,采用问卷联合上门走访的形式对老年人的健康状况进行调查,并制订具有针对性的健康教育模式。结果(1)经统计分析可知,高血压、骨关节病、高脂血症、慢性支气管炎、糖尿病、冠心病是老年人主要存在疾病;(2)经统计分析显示,65~75岁阶段,老年人群的患病总数不断增加,患有1种疾病的占30.56%,患有2种疾病的占27.78%,同时患有3种及以上疾病的占16.11%;(3)经统计分析显示,生活能完全自理的老年人占15.00%(27/180),活动受限、自力下降的老年人占32.78%(59/180),中度受限、不能完全自理的老年人占31.67%(57/180),重度受限、完全卧床的老年人占20.56%(37/180)。结论高血压、骨关节病、高脂血症、慢性支气管炎、糖尿病、冠心病是老年人主要存在疾病,为提升老年人的健康水平,则需要针对上述不良情况采取积极有效的社区健康教育与预防卫生保健。

Objective To investigate health condition of the elderly in community and the health education model.Methods A total of 180 non-overlapping elderly people aged 60 and above from May 2019 to December 2019 were selected from community personnel by stratified random sampling method.Questionnaire and home visits were used to investigate the health condition of the elderly,and targeted health education models were formulated.Results(1)According to statistical analysis,hypertension,osteoarthropathy,hyperlipidemia,chronic bronchitis,diabetes and coronary heart disease were the main diseases in the elderly.(2)It was shown by statistical analysis that the diseases morbidity among the elderly from 65 to 75 years old was increasing,with 30.56%suffering from one disease,27.78%suffering from two diseases and 16.11%suffering from more than three diseases at the same time.(3)It was shown by statistical analysis that 15.00%(27/180)of the elderly were able to take care of themselves completely,32.78%(59/180)of them had limited activities and decreased self-reliance,31.67%(57/180)of them had moderate limitation in activities and couldn't take care of themselves completely,and 20.56%(37/180)of them had severe limitation and completely laid on bed.Conclusion Hypertension,osteoarthropathy,hyperlipemia,chronic bronchitis,diabetes and coronary heart disease are the main diseases of the elderly.In order to improve the health level of the elderly,it is necessary to take active and effective community health education and preventive health care against the above-mentioned adverse conditions.