快速城市化地区生态系统服务价值演化及空间自相关特征分析——以河南省洛阳市为例

Analysis on the Evolution of Ecosystem Service Value and Its Spatial Autocorrelation Pattern in Rapid Urbanization Area——Taking Luoyang City in Henan Province as an Example

如何厘清区域土地生态系统的空间演化及其动力机制是当前国土空间规划和生态文明建设的重要议题。文章以河南省洛阳市为研究对象,采用1990年、2000年、2010年和2019年4个时期的洛阳市土地利用解译数据,利用生态系统价值当量因子法和GIS空间自相关等分析方法,定量探讨了1990~2019年区域生态系统服务价值演化过程及其空间自相关格局特征。结果表明:(1)洛阳市土地类型主要以林地和耕地为主,其次为草地。受城镇扩张影响,草地面积持续减少,尤以1990~2000年降幅明显。近年来洛阳市经济和人口持续增长,区域建设用地持续增长,且在2019年首次突破1000km2。(2)受益于河流水系治理成效,洛阳市生态系统服务价值(ESV)整体呈现出持续增长的趋势,但在2010年以后出现小幅下跌。各生态系统类型的贡献率总体较为平稳,其中林地贡献率最高,达到56%以上。从单项功能ESV来看,水文和气候调节功能贡献率最高,其次为土壤保持和气体调节功能。(3)洛阳市ESV主要呈现出由南部伏牛山-白云山区向北部平原城镇密集区逐渐递减的空间特征。在空间分布上表现出较显著的空间正相关,ESV高-高值集聚区集中在河流水系沿线,而FSV低-低值集聚区则多分布在北部城镇化水平相对较高且建设用地相对集中的各县区。土地利用类型演化将直接影响区域生态系统服务价值分布格局,通过合理优化土地资源配置将显著提升区域生态价值并有效促进生态文明建设。

How to clarify the spatial evolution and dynamic mechanism of regional land ecosystem is an important issue in the current land spatial planning and ecological civilization construction. Based on the data of land use interpretation of Luoyang City in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019, the evolution process and spatial autocorrelation pattern characteristics of regional ecosystem service value in 1990 ~ 2019 were quantitatively discussed by using the methods of ecosystem value equivalent factor and GIS spatial autocorrelation. The results showed that:(1)the land types in Luoyang City are mainly forestland and cultivated land, followed by grassland. Affected by the expansion of cities and towns, the grassland area continued to decrease, especially from 1990 to 2000. In recent years, its economy and population has continued to grow, the regional construction land has continued to increase, and it broke through 1000 km2 for the first time in 2019.(2)Thanks to the effect of river system governance, the ESV in Luoyang City has shown a sustained growth trend, but it has declined slightly since 2010. The contribution rate of each ecosystem type is generally stable, and the forestland contribution rate is the highest, reaching more than 56%. In terms of ESV of single function, the contribution of hydrological and climate regulation is the highest, followed by soil conservation and gas regulation.(3)The ESV of Luoyang City mainly presents the spatial characteristics of decreasing gradually from the southern Funiu Mountain and Baiyun Mountain area to the northern plain town concentrated area. There is a significant positive spatial correlation in spatial distribution. ESV high-value clusters are concentrated along the river system, while low-value clusters are mostly distributed in counties with relatively high urbanization level and relatively concentrated construction land in the north. The evolution of land use types will directly affect the distribution pattern of regional ecosystem service value. Through reasonable optimization of land resource allocation, regional ecological value will be significantly improved and the construction of ecological civilization will be effectively promoted.