中国省域森林公园旅游发展水平评价及其时空演化研究

Study on the Evaluation of Tourism Development Level and its Spatial-temporal Evolution of Forest Parks in Chinese Provinces

文章依据旅游系统理论,分别以资源禀赋和经营规模、产业效益和产业地位作为投入要素和产出绩效,构建森林公园旅游发展水平评价体系,测度2003~2018年中国31省(区、市)森林公园旅游发展水平。研究表明:中国森林公园旅游发展速度较快,发展指数年均增长率为6.80%;整体发展水平偏低,排前三位的浙江、江西和黑龙江的发展指数均值分别为35.02、23.41和20.17;区域间的差异很大,指数均值最高值省份(浙江)是最低值省份(宁夏)的16.23倍,其中2018年两者差距达29.90倍;产业规模大,效益可观,资源优势不明显,产业地位仍待提高。2018年,资源禀赋(1.10)和产业地位(1.62)的分维度指数均值明显低于产业效益(7.32)和经营规模(5.01)两个维度的均值。16年来,森林公园旅游发展热点的空间位置以浙江和江西为起点自东向西呈辐射状扩散,热点省份的空间相关性愈发紧密,由于森林公园旅游发展差异的普遍存在始终未形成显著的冷点区域;重心南北向移动最大距离为260.03km,远大于东西向移动最大距离105.10km。重心轨迹以2006年、2009年为分界点经历了"东北-东南-西南"三个阶段的时空演变过程,大致呈向右倾斜的"η"状,未来有向西南移动的态势。按得分将森林公园旅游发展水平分为发达、较发达、发展中、欠发达四个等级。2003年96.77%的省份处于"欠发达"水平,2018年"发展中"及以上等级占总数的54.84%,森林公园旅游发展水平的等级实现了快速提升但还不成熟。文章指出,应秉承高质量发展理念,以生态文明建设为指导,积极响应国家自然保护地体系建设要求,优化森林公园旅游发展格局、促进森林公园旅游产业均衡协调发展,实现森林旅游产业发展整体水平的提升。

Guided by Tourism System Theory, the evaluation system of the tourism development level of forest park was constructed with resource endowment and scale of operation, industrial benefit and industrial status as input factors and output performance respectively, the tourism development level of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and cities)in China from 2003 to 2018 was measured in this paper. The results showed that the development rate of China’s forest park tourism was relatively fast, the average annual growth rate of the development index was 6.80%, but the overall development level was relatively low, the top three development indexes of Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Heilongjiang were only 35.02, 23.41 and 20.17 respectively. The difference between regions was very big, the highest value province(Zhejiang)of the index mean value was 16.23 times of that of the lowest(Ningxia), and the difference between them was 29.90 times in 2018. The industrial scale was large, the benefit was considerable, the resource advantage was not obvious, and the industrial status still needed to be improved. In 2018, the sub-dimension indexes of resource endowment(1.10)and industrial status(1.62)were significantlylower than those of industrial benefit(7.32)and business scale(5.01). In the past 16 years, the spatial location of the hot spots of forest park tourism development started from Zhejiang and Jiangxi and spread radially from east to west, and the spatial correlation of the hot spots became more and more close, because of the difference of forest park tourism development, there was no significant cold spot region. The maximum distance from south to north was 260.03 km, and the maximum distance from east to west was 105.10 km. Taking 2006 and 2009 as the dividing points, the locus of gravity center has undergone three stages of spatiotemporal evolution, which was roughly like the right "η", and would move to the southwest in the future. The tourism development level of forest park could be divided into four grades: developed, relatively developed, developing and less developed. From 96.77% of the provinces were "less developed" in 2003 to 54.84% of the total were above "developing" in 2018, the level has improved rapidly but not matured. The study pointed out that we should follow the idea of high-quality development, take the construction of ecological civilization as the guide, respond to the demand of national nature protection land system construction, optimize the pattern of forest park tourism development, promote the balanced and coordinated development of forest park tourism industry, and realize the promotion of the overall level of forest tourism industry.