个人信息保护的理念嬗变与制度变革

The Idea Evolution and Thinking Change of Personal Information Protection

自人类进入大数据时代以来,肇生于小数据时代的传统个人信息保护模式不断受到利益平衡机制失灵、各主体间力量失衡、个人信息秩序失稳的严峻挑战。传统的个人信息保护模式在大数据时代难以为继的原因在于,在大数据时代,社会性取代个人性成为个人信息的主要属性。因此,应当以社会本位为"元理念",构建一整套以良好秩序构建为首要目标、以多重价值平衡为价值取向、以风险多元治理为立法核心、以社会利益最大化为最终追求的个人信息保护法律体系。理念革新引发制度变革,应当将行为规制模式作为主要立法模式,将个案分析作为主要运行模式,将公力、私力、社会救济并重作为主要救济模式,并与《民法典》中的相关规定共同完成大数据时代个人信息保护的重要任务。

With the advent of the big data era,the personal information protection model based on the individual standard,which originated in the era of small data,is constantly challenged by the failure of the balancing of interest mechanism,the imbalance of power among various subjects,and the instability of personal information order.The reason why the protection mode of personal information under the personal standard is unsustainable in the big data era is that sociality replaces individuality as the main attribute of personal information in the big data era.Therefore,we should take the social standard as the"meta-idea"and construct a set of legal system of personal information protection with the construction of good order as the primary goal,the balancing of multiple values as the value orientation,the multiple risk management as the core of legislation,and the maximization of social benefits as the ultimate pursuit.The innovation of ideas leads to the change of thinking.We should take the behavior regulation mode as the main legislative mode,the case analysis as the main operation mode,and pay equal attention to the public,private and social relief as the main relief mode,and complete the important task of personal information protection in the era of big data together with the relevant provisions in the civil code.