控制与不确定性:对原型思维范式的展望

CONTROL AND UNCERTAINTY:TOWARDS A PARADIGM OF PROTOTYPING

本文探索了一种不同于模型设计的原型思维新范式。在将控制论与景观设计进行并置分析后发现,自20世纪至21世纪初,景观设计学科的发展规律反映了控制论在同一时期的发展进程。早期关于系统动力学的决定论和线性理解,逐渐被基于演生论和开放式的主张所取代。在演生论的框架下,笔者强调一类可被理解为原型的特殊模型不能被基于“建模-预测-控制”的传统框架所包容。原型并不像传统建模过程那样,用模型代表一个开放的生命系统,原型本身就可以被理解为一个独立的生命体系。原型思维可以取代模型设计,并展现出三方面的特质:1)原型本身即具有“生命力”,这是设计与创造力的根本;2)原型的真正意义在于其未被定义的状态,而不在于其可被定义的最直接的用途;3)这种未被定义的状态能够提供无限可能,并将人们与未来之间的关系从过去的偶然性和预测转变为期待与展望。

This paper maps out a new paradigm of prototyping that acts as an alternative to the model-making paradigm.By juxtaposing the cybernetics movement with landscape design,the authors have mapped out a development in landscape discourse that mirrors the movement of cybernetics in the 20th century and early 21st century.The early deterministic and linear understanding of systems dynamics is replaced by an emergent and openended view.Taking on a framework of emergence,the authors highlight a special type of model that does not fit within the conventional modelpredict-control framework.Rather than models that represent another living system,these models are living systems in themselves with autonomy and lives.This special type of model can be understood as prototypes.Prototyping replaces model-making and exhibits three distinctive qualities:1)A prototype has a life of its own,which serves as the basis for design and creativity;2)The real usefulness of a prototype lies in its undefined identity rather than its defined and direct application;And 3)the identified quality provides a wide range of possibilities,thus changing our relationship with the future from chance and prediction to anticipation and hope.