路缘沉积:利用原型思维过程探究如何通过路缘及路肩设计截留暴雨中的路面污染物

CURBING SEDIMENT:A PROTOTYPING PROCESS TO EXPLORE HOW TO CAPTURE ROAD POLLUTANTS IN STORMWATER EVENTS VIA CURB AND APRON REDESIGN

路缘的设计简单明了:路缘本身为雨水提供了输送途径,促使水和污染物由街道汇入河道。路面上存积着各种沉积物,包括草坪肥料中的营养物质、细菌、病毒、杀虫剂、金属元素,以及各种油和油脂。当暴雨发生时,这些物质会在未经处理的情况下被冲入雨水管道,而后排入河道,进而影响水质乃至整个生态系统。那么,如何通过提升路缘设计标准来产生更大的系统性影响?如果重新设计路缘,使其可以像磁石一样吸附雨水中的污染物,则将打破路缘固有的设计标准。2019年夏,一支跨学科研究团队在俄亥俄州立大学对标准混凝土路缘及路肩的替代方案进行了测试。该团队使用迭代设计过程在路缘和路肩表面增加了不同的图案和凹槽,并使用全尺寸模型测试了模拟暴雨事件,收集了相关数据以评估21种替代设计方案的表现。结果表明,新的路缘及路肩组合设计方案可以有效地在道路上拦截污染物,避免其进一步危害水体及水生生态系统。

The design of a curb is straight forward.The curb itself provides a conveyance of stormwater,facilitating the movement of water and pollutants from the street into waterways.Pollutants such as sediment,nutrients from lawn fertilizers,bacteria,viruses,pesticides,metals,and petroleum byproducts accumulate on the road surface and are released during storm events,carried to storm drains,and deposited into waterways,often without treatment.Once pollutants enter the waterways they impact the ecosystem and affect water quality.How can discrete standards—like a curb—be leveraged to have larger systemic impacts?The redesign of the curb to perform as a magnet for pollutants can challenge this design standard.During the summer of 2019,the interdisciplinary research team tested alternatives to the standard concrete curb and apron at Ohio State University.The team used an iterative design process to add patterning and crenellations to the face of the curb and apron.Using full scale models to test simulated storm events,the team collected data to evaluate the performance of 21 alternative designs.The results suggest the new combined curb and apron designs can abstract pollutants from roadways before they are detrimental to water bodies and aquatic ecosystems.