家庭背景、大学文凭与职业阶层地位获得的城乡差异——基于EGP职业阶层分类的新观察

Urban-Rural Differences in Family Background, College Diplomas, and Occupation-Based Social Status:An Empirical Study Based on EGP Schema

家庭背景、教育在阶层形成过程中发挥着重要作用。基于布劳-邓肯理论模型,采用Erikson-Goldthorpe-Portocarero schema(EGP)职业分类方法,利用中国综合社会调查(CGSS2015)的数据从城乡视角下探讨了家庭背景、大学文凭对职业阶层地位获得的影响及其作用机制。研究发现我国的职业阶层地位获得过程表现出明显的“城乡双轨制”:大学文凭虽是城市、农村户籍人口地位生产的重要机制,但又体现为城市户籍人口隐秘的地位再生产机制,因为城市户籍人口可以从其家庭背景优势中受益更多,尤其是家庭政治背景优势。

Family and education background play an important role in the formation of social strata.Based on the Blau-Duncan Status Attainment Model,using EGP,an occupation-based social classification scheme,and the data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS 2015),this paper examined the influence of family background and college diploma on the acquisition of EGP social status from the perspective of urban and rural differences.This study found the process of acquiring occupation-based social status in China showed an obvious"urban-rural dual-track system".Although college diploma is an important mechanism for the social status production of both urban and rural registered population,it is mostly reflected in the hidden social status reproduction mechanism of urban registered population,as urban residents can benefit more from their family background advantages,especially family political resources.