全球学生流动的特点、影响因素与趋势

Global Student Mobility in Higher Education: Characteristics, Influencing Factors and Trends

本文在联合国教科文组织、经合组织和美国国际教育协会2018年发布的全球学生流动数据基础上,结合相关文献,探究了全球学生流动的特点、影响因素与趋势。研究发现:全球学生流动呈现出流入流出区域较为集中、硕博层次流动比例高、STEM领域流动性强等特点;全球学生流动受到政策、经济和教育等方面因素的影响;其趋势表现为美英两国的国际学生增速放缓,加澳两国有望成为接收国际学生的新增长极,东亚和东非的学生流动性将有所提高。建议评估影响国际学生选择的可能因素,加快和扩大教育对外开放,建设留学教育强国。

Based on the global student mobility data released by UNESCO,OECD and American International Education Association in 2018 and relevant literature,this article explores the characteristics,influencing factors and trends of global student mobility.It is found that global student mobility is characterized by relatively concentrated inflows and outflows,a high proportion of international students with master's and doctoral degrees,and strong student mobility in the STEM field.Global student mobility is affected by policy-related,economic,and educational factors.The trend in global student mobility is reflected in three aspects:the growth of international students in the United States and Britain slows down;Canada and Australia are expected to become new growth poles for receiving international students;student mobility in East Asia and East Africa will increase.It is recommended that China should evaluate the possible factors affecting the choice of international students,speed up and expand the opening of education to the outside world,and build a strong country in overseas education.