机插株距对优质食味水稻品种产量和群体质量的影响

Effects of Plant Spacing on Grain Yield and Population Quality in Mechanically-transplanted Rice with Good Tasting Quality

【目的】机插密度对水稻产量和品质有重要影响,但机插株距对优质食味水稻品种产量与群体质量的调控作用尚不清楚。明确优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距可为水稻机械化高产优质栽培提供理论与实践依据。【方法】以南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个江苏优质食味水稻品种为材料,在机插行距固定为30 cm的情况下,研究了10、12、14、16和18 cm五种株距对上述水稻品种产量和群体质量的影响。【结果】南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个水稻品种的茎蘖成穗率、高效叶面积指数、粒叶比(粒重/叶面积)、抽穗后群体冠层净光合速率和抽穗至成熟干物质积累量均在株距为12 cm时最大。上述水稻品种产量均随株距增加呈现先增加先减少的趋势,产量与株距呈二次曲线关系。依据曲线方程计算出两年中南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46高产最适株距分别为11.6 cm,11.6~12.3 cm和10.8~11.4 cm。【结论】机插秧行距固定为30 cm时,11~12 cm的株距有利于改善优质食味水稻的群体质量指标并提高其产量,可作为江苏省代表性优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距。

【Objective】The mechanical transplanting density plays an important role in grain yield and quality in rice.However,the effects of plant spacing on grain yield and population quality of mechanically transplanted rice with good tasting have not been clearly understood.Clarifying the optimal plant spacing for good tasting rice could lay a theoretical and practical basis for high yielding and good quality in mechanical cultivation.【Method】In this experiment,three rice cultivars with good tasting quality(Nanjing 9108,Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46)in Jiangsu Province were used as materials,and the effects of plant spacing(10 cm,12 cm,14 cm,16 cm and 18 cm)on their grain yield and population quality were investigated under mechanical transplanting when the row spacing was fixed at 30 cm.【Result】Productive tillers rate,high efficient leaf area index,grain leaf ratio(grain weight/leaf area),canopy net photosynthetic rate after heading and dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity were the highest under the plant spacing of 12 cm in above three rice cultivars.Grain yields tended to increase at first and then decrease with the increase of the plant spacing,and the relationship of quadric curve was found between grain yield and plant spacing.The optimal plant spacing for grain yield in Nanjing 9108,Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46 ranged from 11.6 cm,11.6-12.3 cm and 10.8-11.4 cm in two years according to the curve equation,respectively.【Conclusion】When the row spacing was fixed at 30 cm,the plant spacing of 11-12 cm was helpful to improve the population quality and increase grain yield,and it could be used as the optimal plant spacing for the typical rice cultivars with good tasting in Jiangsu Province under mechanical transplanting.