陶行知与乡村师范教育

Tao Xingzhi’s View of Rural Teachers Education

民国时期,仁人志士抱着教育救国的教育理想,期望通过教育改造社会。陶行知通过创办乡村师范学校,培养知行合一的推动乡村社会变革的领袖教师。陶行知的乡村师范之主旨是造就有农夫身手、科学头脑、改造社会精神的教师。陶行知开展乡村师范教育的途径包括三个方面,生活即教育、教学做合一、在劳力上劳心。陶行知寄希望于通过从活的乡村师范产生活的乡村教师,从活的乡村教师产生活的乡村学生和未来活的国民,从而实现教育救国的梦想。陶行知的乡村师范教育实践与思想对当今乡村师范教育乃至乡村社会改造都具有重要的现实意义,包括国家在制定师范教育宏观政策方面应加强对乡村师范教育的支持;师范院校需要推动师范教育课程变革,为乡村教育乃至乡村社会发展培养高质量教师;营造尊师重教的社会文化氛围,培育师范生浓厚的教育忠诚。

During the period of the Republic of China,intellectuals with lofty ambitions held the educational ideal of reforming the country and society through education,just like Tao Xingzhi who established rural normal institutions to cultivate teachers that could take lead in the transformation of rural society.Tao Xingzhi’s rural teachers education is aimed to prepare teachers with farming skills,scientific minds,social spirits,and ideas of educational life,integrating teaching and learning,and learning in practice.With the dream of reforming society through education to cultivate rural excellent teachers for good citizens,Tao Xingzhi’s rural teachers educational practice and thoughts provide good implications for current rural teachers education and even for the transformation of rural society.Nowadays,rural teachers education is supposed to be strengthened in terms of policy-making and high-quality curriculum design,along with enhancing the culture of respecting teachers,investment and loyalty to education.