3种滩涂贝类对凡纳滨对虾养殖尾水净化效果的比较研究

The purification effect of three types of tidal flats shellfish on the tail water of Litopenaeus vannamei culture

以文蛤、缢蛏和泥蚶3种滩涂贝类为研究对象,评估了3种滩涂贝类不同处理模式下的尾水处理效果.在流水模式下比较不同贝类及密度对水质指标影响的结果表明:所有实验组均显著降低了水体总悬浮物;泥蚶对氨氮和亚硝酸盐去除效果较好,文蛤对弧菌有良好的去除效果.静水模式下的结果表明:滩涂贝类对尾水处理效果与流水模式趋势相似,静水模式下高密度(0.5kg·m^-2)贝类更能有效净化水质,而适当降低贝类密度(0.2 kg·m^-2)有利于去除养殖尾水中的弧菌总数.静水模式下对水体菌群研究结果表明:高密度(0.5 kg·m^-2)文蛤组和高密度(0.5 kg·m^-2)缢蛏组水体菌群Chao1、可观测物种指数升高,泥蚶组菌群丰度和多样性方面更趋于稳定.

Under different treatment,three types of tidal flats shellfish,Meretrix meretrix,Sinonvaculina constricta and Tegillarca granosa were used to investigate their effect on tail water.The results obtained from the flow mode indicates that all the experimental groups significantly reduced the total suspended solids in water.In addition,Tegillarca granosa has a good removal effect on ammonia nitrogen and nitrite and the Meretrix meretrix produced a good removal effect on vibrio.The results from the static water model show a similar trend as those obtained from flow mode.Furthermore,the high density(0.5 kg·m-2)shellfish in static water mode is significantly more effectively to purify the water quality.A given degree of shellfish density reduction(0.2 kg·m-2)is effective to remove the total number of vibrios in the aquaculture tail water.The results obtained from the study on the microflora in static water showed that the indexes of Chao1 and observed species significantly increased in the groups of high-density(0.5 kg·m-2)Meretrix meretrix and high density(0.5 kg·m-2)Sinonvaculina constricta.Finally,the abundance and diversity of the bacteria in the Tegillarca granosa groups tended to be more stable than other groups.