“战斗民族”的“战争-疾病”隐喻认知模式探析

An analysis of the“war⁃disease”metaphoric cognitive models of“fighting nations”

悠久的战争历史和丰富的军事文化赋予了俄罗斯“战斗民族”的美誉。战争不仅塑造了“战斗民族”的气质,也培养了其战争隐喻思维习惯。用战争来比喻疾病,用谈论战争的方式来谈论疾病,甚至用思考战争的方式来思考疾病,反映出战争隐喻已经成为该民族认知世界的一个基本概念域和重要的认知方式。丰富的军事文化、疾病与战争的相似性、人类普遍的认知规律及战争隐喻所具有的美学修辞功能构成“战斗民族”的“战争-疾病”隐喻认知的动因。

A long history of wars and a rich military culture have given Russians a reputation as the“fight⁃ing nations”.Wars not only shaped the temperament of the“fighting nations”,but also cultivated its metaphorical thinking habits of wars.Comparing diseases to wars,talking about diseases in the way of talking about war,and even thinking about disease in the way of thinking about war,all these re⁃flect that war metaphors have become a basic conceptual field and an important cognitive mode of the nation's cognitive world.The rich military culture,the similarities between disease and war,the uni⁃versal cognitive laws of human beings and the aesthetic rhetorical function of war metaphors are the motivations for“war⁃disease”metaphoric cognitive models of the“fighting nations”.