《国际卫生条例(2005)》的法理冲突与规则重构

Jurisprudential Confl icts and Rules Reconstruction of IHR(2005)

在人类防治传染病的过程中,《国际卫生条例(2005)》的制定实施标志着国际社会对消除传染病达成了广泛的共识。新冠肺炎疫情的爆发与延续,凸显并加剧了其在国家主权、人权保护及国际贸易等领域的法理冲突。一些国家不认真履行条约所规定的监测与通报义务,对国际旅行与国际贸易频频采取过度限制措施,特别是美国等国刻意将新冠肺炎疫情污名化、政治化,严重损害了以规则为基础的国际法秩序。为此,《国际卫生条例(2005)》亟需从文本、机制、机构及秩序四个方面进行规则重构。中国是该条例的缔约国,也是一个崛起国和负责任的大国,应秉承人类公共健康共同体的理念积极推动该条例的变革。

In the process of human prevention and control of infectious diseases,the formulation and implementation of the International Health Regulations IHR(2005)signifi es that the international community has reached a broad consensus on the elimination of infectious diseases.Novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak and continuation,highlight and intensify its legal confl icts in the areas of national sovereignty,human rights protection and international trade.Novel coronavirus pneumonia is not seriously implemented by some countries.The international travel and international trade is frequently taken over by the countries.The United States deliberately stigmatized and politicized the new crown pneumonia epidemic,which seriously damaged the rule based international law order.Therefore,the IHR(2005)needs to be reconstructed from four aspects:text,mechanism,institution and order.China is a party to the IHR(2005),and is also a rising country and a responsible power.China should uphold the concept of human public health community and actively promote the reform of IHR(2005).