大气污染物对白酒瓶烤标颜色的影响

Effect of Air Pollutants on the Color of Ceramic Decoration of Liquor Bottle

目的研究白酒玻璃瓶烤标变色的原因。方法抽取相关车间里的大气与污水做GC-MS分析,对烤标涉及的玻璃瓶进行成分分析,以及X射线荧光光谱(XRF)与X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,对丝印玻璃釉和纸张进行热重分析(TGA),并做SO2,NOx熏蒸试验。结果玻璃釉料含淡黄色PbO,经历560~580℃高温烤标后出现显色反应,形成鲜红色Pb3O4。烤标上贵金属区域的亮度与有机物能否完全烧掉有关。烧烤后形成的红色图案区域(红区)中的Pb3O4与大气中的SO2或NOx反应变成棕黑色的PbO2而变色,这就是玻璃瓶烤标变色的原因。结论烤标上红区变色与大气污染物SO2,NOx有关。在带烤标的白酒包装生产、储存与使用过程中,选址应远离重污染、潮湿区域。包装印刷材料应做耐SO2与NOx的筛选测试。

The work aims to study the cause of discoloration of liquor glass bottle with ceramic decoration.The atmosphere and sewage around the workshop were extracted for GC-MS analysis.The related glass bottles with ceramic decoration were analyzed for composition by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF)and photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The screen printing enamel and paper used were subject to thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and the SO2 and NOx fumigation test was performed.The enamel contained light yellow PbO,which showed chromogenic reaction after fired at 560-580℃and formed red Pb3O4.The brightness of the precious metal area on the bottle was related to whether the organic matter could be completely burned out.The red Pb3O4 in the red area on the bottle reacted with SO2 or NOx to produce brown black PbO2,causing discoloring.Therefore,the discoloration of ceramic decoration on the liquor glass bottles is found to be related to the atmospheric pollutant SO2,and NOx.In the production,storage and use of liquor packaging with ceramic decoration,the location is kept away from heavily polluted and humid areas.Packaging and printing materials are screened for resistance to SO2 and NOx.