稻秆还田与化肥配施对稻茬麦田土壤肥力和小麦产量的影响

Effects of rice-straw returning to the field and fertilizer application on soil fertility and wheat yield in rice stubble wheat field

在大田试验条件下,以水稻秸秆为研究对象,设置化肥水平(C)0、70%、100%,秸秆还田水平(S)0、50%、100%,共9个处理,研究不同秸秆还田量与化肥配施对不同时期土壤养分及冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明:在冬小麦的整个生育期内,秸秆还田与化肥配施能明显提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量,对土壤有效磷含量影响不大。其中处理S 100 C 70对土壤有机质的积累效果最佳,处理S 100 C 100对提高土壤碱解氮含量的能力最强,处理S 50 C 70对提高土壤速效钾含量作用最大。在相同施肥水平下,秸秆还田会提高产量,但秸秆还田量并不是越大越好。在C 70和C 100水平下,冬小麦的穗长、株高、穗粒数、千粒质量等产量构成要素随秸秆还田量的增加而增加。相关分析结果显示土壤速效钾含量对提高小麦产量及其构成要素具有至关重要的作用。运用主成分分析方法找出3个主成分,综合得分排名第1、第2的处理分别为处理S 50 C 100与处理S 100 C 100,因此在本试验条件下,处理S 50 C 100与处理S 100 C 100可维持较高的土壤肥力且促进小麦增产,实现废弃秸秆还田资源化合理利用。

In this study,rice straw was used as the research object in field experiment.The fertilizer levels(C)were 0,70%and 100%,and the straw returning levels(S)were 0,50%and 100%.There were nine treatments.The effects of different combined application of straw and chemical fertilizers on soil nutrients and winter wheat yield in different were studied.The results showed that the combined application of straw and chemical fertilizers could significantly increase the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium,but had little effect on soil available phosphorus content during the whole growth period of winter wheat.Among them,treatment S 100 C 70 had the best accumulation effect on soil organic matter,treatment S 100 C 100 had the strongest ability to improve the content of soil available nitrogen,and treatment S 50 C 70 had the strongest effect on increasing soil available potassium content.Under the same fertilization level,straw returning would increase yield,but the amount of straw returning was not the higher the better.At C 70 and C 100 levels,the yield components of winter wheat,such as ear length,plant height,grain number per spike,and thousand-grain weight,increased with the increase of the amount of straw returning.Correlation analysis results showed that the content of soil available potassium played an important rde in increasing wheat yield and its components.Three principal components were identified by principal component analysis,and the results indicated that the comprehensive score of the S 50 C 100 treatment was highest,and the second was S 100 C 100 treatment.Therefore,based on this experiment conditions,the S 50 C 100 treatment and the S 100 C 100 treatment can maintain high soil fertility,promote wheat yield,and realize rational utilization of waste straw.