推动技术进步:中国劳动力转移过程中的教育改革探析

Promoting Technological Progress:Educational Reform in the Process of China's Labor Force Transfer

中国劳动力转移是一个特殊的过程,这一特殊过程可能导致截然不同的结果:一是失业加剧、产业转型升级困难,二是通过技术进步实现二元经济向一元经济的转变。中国劳动力转移过程中亟须依靠教育解决的问题包括填补"吸纳缺口"和"供给缺口",加快劳动力转移进程、化解农业部门人力资本难题,加快推进农业现代化。为有效解决上述问题,教育领域应当结合产业需求,提高产业的人力资本附加值;建立现代职业教育体系,提升产业人才的职业技能;完善进城农民工职业培训体系,促进农民工的职业技术进步;构建新型职业农民培训系统,促进农民职业化。

Lewis Model cannot fully explain China's labor transfer model,the labor shortage and surplus will exist for a long time.The special pattern may lead to different results with one being an increase of unemployment rate and difficult industrial transformation and upgrading,the other being the transformation from unitary economy to dual economies through technological progress.The major issues in labor transfer process in China to be addressed by education include:filling the“absorption gap”and“supply gap”to speed up the process of labor transfer;resolving the problem of human capital in agriculture sectors to accelerate agricultural modernization.To address these problems,the education section should:1)increase the added value of human capital according to industrial demand;2)establish a modern vocational education system to improve the professional skills of industrial workers;3)improve the vocational training system for migrant workers to improve their professional skills;4)build a new vocational farmer training system to promote the professionalization of farmers.