以教育企业家推动高等教育市场化改革:理论构建与案例分析

Promoting Higher Education Marketization Reform with Educational Entrepreneurs: Theoretical Construction and Case Analysis

当前我国高等教育需求侧与供给侧的挑战繁多、高等教育改革步伐缓慢,迫切需要以市场化方式激发改革活力。教育企业家可以成为推动市场化改革的担纲者和引领者。教育企业家主要分为内部和外部两大类,二者存在多重区别。内部教育企业家来自传统大学领导者面向市场、借鉴企业家精神而领导学校开展内部创业,外部教育企业家来自社会企业家创办高等院校参与高等教育市场竞争。院校市场改革和创业型大学建设是教育企业家在高等教育市场化改革中的主要行动情境,是教育企业家推动高等教育市场化改革理论框架的主体部分。以沃里克大学首任副校长巴特沃斯和凤凰城大学原董事长斯珀林分别为内部、外部教育企业家的典型案例,通过对其创业历程和影响的实证分析和归纳,证明了理论框架的现实合理性,为我国涌现出更多的教育企业家和推动高等教育市场化改革提供了参考。

At present,there are many challenges on the demand side and supply side of higher education in China,and the pace of higher education reform is slow. There is an urgent need to stimulate reform vitality in a market-oriented way. Educational entrepreneurs act as the leaders of promoting market-oriented reforms. Educational entrepreneurs are mainly divided into two categories,internal and external,withmany differences between the two. Internal educational entrepreneurs originate from traditional university leaders who face the market and learn from the entrepreneurship to lead institutions to carry out internal entrepreneurship. External educational entrepreneurs come from social entrepreneurs who participate in higher education market competition through establishing new higher education institutions. Institutional market reform and entrepreneurial university construction are the main actionsamong educational entrepreneurs in the higher education market reform,and play a major role in higher education market reform initiated by educational entrepreneurs. Take Warwick University’s first Vice President Butterworth and the former Chairman of the University of Phoenix Sperling as typical cases of internal and external educational entrepreneurs respectively. Through an empirical analysis of their entrepreneurial journeys and influences,this paper set up a theoretical framework that can be applied in reality.It provides a reference for the emergence of more educational entrepreneurs in China and the promotion of higher education market reform.