当代傣族“泼水节”的话语流变研究

Discourse Change of "Water Splashing Festival" and Construction of "Dai-Tai Cultural Community"

民族文化身份是在历史发展中不断地被建构的,而这样的建构,通常也体现在某些称谓的变化上。本文以傣族传统节庆仪式"泼水节"的话语表达为考察对象,结合文献及田野调查,较为详细地梳理了中华人民共和国成立后不同时期这一节日的称谓变化,并由此探析傣族作为跨界民族的文化身份是如何随着这一节日称谓的变化而不断被建构的。从纵向看,跨界民族文化身份既有"境内化"的历史需求,也伴随着"跨越边界"的时代必然,跨界民族文化身份的建构与再建构并非简单地相对,背后更有政治、经济、文化等多元动因。当前,我国国家话语再提"傣历新年",在相同的族源属性与文化认同下,我国傣族与澜湄流域的主体民族共建"傣泰文化共同体"成为了助推"一带一路"倡议传播的积极实践。

National cultural identity is constantly constructed in the historical development,and such construction is usually reflected in the change of some appellations.This paper takes the discourse expression of the traditional Dai festival ceremony"Water Splashing Festival"as the object of investigation,combined with literature and field investigation,combs in detail the changes of the appellation of this festival in different periods after the founding of New China,and thus explores how the cultural identity of Dai as a cross-border nation is continuously constructed with the changes of the appellation of this festival.From a vertical point of view,the cultural identity of cross-border ethnic groups has both the historical need of"localization"and the need of the times of"crossing borders".The construction and re-construction of the cultural identity of cross-border ethnic groups are not simply opposite,but are more motivated by politics,economy and culture.At present,China’s national discourse mentions"Dai New Year"again.Under the same ethnic origin attribute and cultural identity,the"Dai-Tai Cultural Community"jointly built by China’s Dai and the main ethnic groups in the Lan Mei River Basin has become a positive practice to promote the spread of the"One belt,one road"initiative.