性别观念、年龄认同感与老年人社会参与度——基于认知与行为的个体微观分析

Gender Perception,Age Identity and Social Participation of the Elderly:a Micro-analysis Based on the Cognition and Behavior of Individuals

基于第三期中国妇女社会地位调查老年专卷数据,运用多层线性模型,考察了性别观念和年龄认同感对老年人社会参与状况的影响。研究发现,更趋于现代的性别观念和更高的年龄认同感对老年人社会参与度均具有显著正向影响,对老年人家务型、公益志愿型和政治型活动的参与发生比也有显著促进效应。同时也发现,良好的社会保障和健康水平是促进老年人社会参与的显著影响因素。此外,区分和检验了个体性因素之外的省际区域因素的影响,结果表明其影响效应占14.80%,区域差异性较为显著。基于此,建议通过终身教育促进老年人树立更科学的老年观,进一步完善老年群体的社会保障和健康支持系统,并加强适老环境建设的区域均衡性。

Based on data from the Third Wave Survey on the Social Status of Women in China(questionnaire for the elderly),this paper used hierarchical linear modeling(HLM) to explore the impact of gender perception and age identity on the social participation of the elderly.The study found that a more modern perception of gender and a higher sense of age identity had a significant positive impact on the social participation of the elderly,and could also significantly promote the participation of the elderly in housework,voluntary activities and political activities.At the same time,it was also found that good social security and health were significant factors that promote social participation of the elderly.This paper also distinguished and tested the influence of inter-provincial regional factors other than individual factors.Results show that its influence accounts for 14.80%,which means a significant difference among regions.Based on these findings,it is suggested that we help older adults develop a more scientific outlook on old age through lifelong education,improve their social security and health support system,and build a suitable environment for the elderly in a balanced way.