蜂胶掺假鉴别技术研究进展

Research progress of propolis adulteration identification technology

蜂胶具有广泛的生物活性,如抗氧化、防辐射、防龋齿、消炎抑菌及调节免疫等,是较为珍贵的蜜蜂产品。蜂胶依据胶源植物的不同可分为杨树型蜂胶、巴西绿蜂胶、红蜂胶等7大类。我国的蜂胶类型主要为杨树型蜂胶,其化学成分与杨树芽提取物相似,蜂胶资源紧缺和高利润导致杨树胶掺假冒充蜂胶现象日益严重。蜂胶掺假鉴别一直是蜂产品等天然产物的研究热点,本文综述近15年国内外研究者关于蜂胶掺假鉴别技术的研究进展,其中主要包括气相色谱法、液相色谱法、红外光谱法、核磁共振技术、薄层色谱法和特征物质鉴别等,其中液相-质谱技术应用最为广泛,鉴别结果较优。同时本文对多种蜂胶鉴别技术进行比较和总结,为蜂胶品质的鉴定和蜂胶的掺假鉴别提供资料参考和依据。

Propolis has a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, radiation, dental caries, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic regulation and immune regulation, which is a relatively precious bee product. Propolis can be divided into 7 categories include poplar propolis, Brazilian green propolis, red propolis and others according to the different gum source plants. The type of propolis in our country is mainly poplar propolis, its chemical composition is similar to poplar bud extract. The shortage of propolis resources and high profit cause the phenomenon of poplar propolis mixed as false increasingly serious. Propolis adulterated identification has been the focus of natural bee products. This article reviewed the research progress of propolis adulterated identification at home and abroad in the nearly 15 years, mainly including gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) technology, thin layer chromatography(TLC) and the characteristics of material identification, etc., among which liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was the most widely used technology, and had a better identification result. At the same time, this paper compared and summarized various identification techniques of propolis to provide references and basis for quality identification of propolis and adulteration identification of propolis.