重金属和抗生素抗性基因在土壤中的复合污染研究进展

Advances on combined contamination of heavy metals and antibiotic resistance genes in soil

抗生素滥用及其诱导产生的抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)污染己经引起人们的广泛关注。与此同时,环境中重金属的污染状况也呈加剧趋势,与抗生素抗性基因不同,重金属在自然环境中很难被降解,二者同时存在不仅维持和加强了环境中的微生物对重金属的原有抗性,同时增强了对抗生素抗性基因的抗性。目前,重金属污染地区的养殖业中动植物细菌传染病的抗生素治疗总是无效的,其原因可能是重金属离子和抗生素抗性基因的协同抗性在选择压力下得到增强。本文总结了我国抗生素抗性基因和重金属元素在土壤中的污染状况及其复合污染特征,综述了这2类物质在土壤中的协同选择机制和综合修复措施,以期为重金属和抗生素抗性基因带来的污染所致危害的减轻和未来复合污染相关研究的深入提供参考。

Antibiotic abuse and its induced antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) pollution have attracted extensive attention. At the same time, the pollution of heavy metals in the environment is also increasing. Different from antibiotic resistance genes, heavy metals are difficult to be degraded in the natural environment. The co-existence of the two not only maintains and strengthens the original resistance of microorganisms in the environment to heavy metals, but also enhances the resistance to antibiotic resistance genes. At present, the antibiotic treatment of bacterial infectious diseases of animals and plants in the agricultural land of heavy metal contaminated areas are always ineffective. The reason may be that the selection pressure of heavy metals increases the resistance of ARGs. This paper summarized the antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metal elements in the soil pollution condition and the characteristics of the compound pollution of these 2 kinds of material, reviewed the synergistic selection mechanism of the 2 kinds of material in the soil and the comprehensive repair measures, so as to provide reference for the hazard mitigation of pollution caused by heavy metals and antibiotic resistance genes and compound pollution related research further in the future.