硒在辣木-土壤中的迁移转运规律

Migration and transportation of selenium in Moringa oleifera Lam.–soil system

目的研究硒在辣木中的富集效果以及土壤、辣木中硒含量的相关性。方法以盆栽辣木为实验材料,以电感耦合等离子体质谱仪为检测手段,以基施和喷施为外源硒添加方式进行研究。结果辣木是较好的硒富集植物,喷施添加比基施添加对硒的富集作用明显,喷施处理后,辣木杆、根及土壤中硒含量比未添加分别增加了约10倍、6倍、1倍;基施处理后,辣木杆、根及土壤中硒含量比未添加分别增加了约2倍、2倍、3倍;与基施相比,喷施后硒的生物可利用性更高。硒添加后,在辣木-土壤系统中迁移转运,与从地下部分到地上部分的转运效率相比,从地上部分到地下部分的转运效率更高,且硒主要在杆中积累;且随着喷施量的增加,硒会逐渐迁移转运至根部,并在根中积累,富集效果:杆>根>土壤。结论本研究为生产中通过施硒肥的外源调控措施来改善植物中硒含量,为更合理地开发利用富硒产品提供了技术支撑。

Objective To investigate the enrichment and transportation of selenium in Moringa oleifera Lam.-soil system. Methods The potted Moringa oleifera Lam. was used as the test materials, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used as the detection method, and base application and spraying were used as the exogenous selenium addition way. Results Moringa oleifera Lam. was a better selenium-enriched plant. With the addition way of spraying and basing, the spray application was more effective than the addition of base to selenium. After spraying, the selenium content in rod, root and soil increased by about 10 times, 6 times and 1 time, respectively;The results showed that the content of selenium in rods, roots and soil increased by 2 times, 2 times and 3 times, respectively;Compared with no addition, and the bioavailability of selenium was higher after spraying. After selenium was added, the transportation efficiency from the aboveground part to the underground part was higher than that from the underground part to the aerial part in the soil-Moringa oleifera Lam.-soilsystem, and then selenium was mainly accumulated in the rod. As the amount of addition increased, selenium would gradually migrate to the soil and accumulate in the soil, thereby effectively improving the selenium deficiency state of the soil, and the enrichment effect of selenium was: rod>root>soil. Conclusion The experimental research provides a scientific basis for improving the availability of selenium in plants through exogenous regulation measures of selenium application in production, and provides technical support for more rational development and utilization of selenium-enriched products.